B2Upper-Intermediate
Idiomatic Language

Phraseology and Fixed Expressions

Idioms, collocations, and fixed phrases for natural German

True fluency in German requires knowing more than grammar and individual words — it requires knowledge of fixed expressions, idioms, and collocations (words that naturally go together). At B2, you actively incorporate idiomatic language into your speech and writing. German is rich in vivid idioms often involving body parts, animals, and weather. This topic covers the most common and useful fixed expressions.

1

Body part idioms (Körperteil-Idiome) are extremely common

German has hundreds of idioms using body parts: jemandem auf die Nerven gehen (to get on someone's nerves), die Hand reichen (to extend a hand/to shake hands), etwas im Kopf haben (to have something in mind), sich etwas von der Seele reden (to get something off one's chest), unter die Arme greifen (to lend a hand/help someone out).

2

Animal idioms convey vivid images

Da liegt der Hund begraben. (That's the crux of the matter — lit. that's where the dog is buried.) | Das ist nicht mein Bier. (That's not my problem — lit. that's not my beer.) | Jetzt geht's um die Wurst. (Now it's crunch time — lit. now it's about the sausage.) | Da steppt der Bär. (There's a great party going on — lit. the bear is dancing there.)

3

Fixed verbal collocations (Kollokationen)

Collocations are word combinations that native speakers use automatically: eine Frage stellen (to ask a question — NOT machen!), ein Versprechen halten (to keep a promise), Zeit verbringen (to spend time), einen Fehler machen (to make a mistake), Rücksicht nehmen auf (to consider/show consideration for), Bescheid wissen (to know/be informed), Bescheid geben/sagen (to let someone know).

4

Modal phrases and hedging expressions

Expressions for modifying statements: Es kommt darauf an, ob... (It depends on whether...) | Das hängt davon ab, ob... (It depends on whether...) | Im Großen und Ganzen (on the whole/by and large) | in der Regel (as a rule/generally) | unter Umständen (under certain circumstances/possibly) | im Wesentlichen (essentially/in essence).

5

Discourse markers for formal speech and writing

Einerseits...andererseits (on one hand...on the other hand) | Zunächst...dann...schließlich (first...then...finally) | Im Vergleich zu (in comparison to) | Mit Blick auf (with a view to/looking at) | Vor dem Hintergrund (against the background of) | Abgesehen davon (apart from that) | geschweige denn (let alone/much less).

Category Expression Meaning
BodyJemandem auf die Nerven gehenTo get on someone's nerves
BodyDie Daumen drückenTo keep one's fingers crossed (thumbs!)
BodyEinen kühlen Kopf bewahrenTo keep a cool head
BodyIns Fettnäpfchen tretenTo put one's foot in it
BodyUnter die Arme greifenTo lend someone a hand
AnimalDen Nagel auf den Kopf treffenTo hit the nail on the head
AnimalSchwein habenTo be lucky (lit. to have a pig)
AnimalJemandem einen Bären aufbindenTo pull someone's leg
Collocationeine Entscheidung treffenTo make a decision
Collocationeine Rolle spielenTo play a role
Collocationin Betracht kommenTo be worth considering
DiscourseEinerseits...andererseitsOn one hand...on the other
DiscourseEs kommt darauf an...It depends on...
DiscourseIm Großen und GanzenOn the whole / by and large

Er hat wieder ins Fettnäpfchen getreten.

He put his foot in it again.

Idiom: saying/doing something inappropriate

Ich drücke dir die Daumen für die Prüfung!

I'm keeping my fingers crossed for your exam!

Germans cross their thumbs, not fingers — die Daumen drücken

Im Großen und Ganzen bin ich mit dem Ergebnis zufrieden.

On the whole, I'm satisfied with the result.

Discourse marker for nuanced statements

Es kommt darauf an, wie viel Zeit wir haben.

It depends on how much time we have.

Fixed phrase for expressing dependency/condition

Sie hat den Nagel auf den Kopf getroffen.

She hit the nail on the head.

Same idiom as English!

  • Collocations are the most important type of fixed expression to learn. Mistakes like 'eine Frage machen' (wrong) instead of 'eine Frage stellen' (right) immediately mark you as a non-native speaker.
  • Learn idioms in context — not as isolated expressions. When you encounter one in a text or conversation, note the full sentence, the context, and when it's appropriate to use.
  • 'Die Daumen drücken' (to press/cross thumbs) is the German equivalent of 'crossing fingers'. This is a cultural difference — Germans cross their thumbs, not index and middle finger.
  • Discourse markers (Im Großen und Ganzen, einerseits...andererseits, abgesehen davon) are key vocabulary for B2 writing tasks. They signal sophisticated argumentation and are explicitly looked for in examinations.
  • Wrong collocation with 'question': ✗ eine Frage machen → ✓ eine Frage stellen (ask a question).
  • Translating English idioms directly: ✗ Ich kreuze meine Finger für dich → ✓ Ich drücke dir die Daumen (cross-cultural idiom difference).
  • Mixing up 'Es kommt an auf' word order: ✗ Es kommt darauf auf, ob... → ✓ Es kommt darauf an, ob... (ankommen auf = darauf ankommen, dass)
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DE

Sie hat einen langen Atem.

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EN

Sie hat einen langen Atem.

She has great stamina.

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